Using Table 1.5, calculate the volume of 25.0 g of each of the following substances at 1 atm. a

step 1 All right, so we're just calculating some volumes. Um, from the density that I was able to acqui

Using Table 1.5, calculate the volume of 25.0 g of each of...

Using Table $1.5$, calculate the volume of $25.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of each of the following substances at 1 atm. a. hydrogen gas b. water c. iron Chapter 5 discusses the properties of gases. One property unique to gases is that they contain mostly empty space. Explain using the results of your calculations.

Using Table $1.5$, calculate the volume of $25.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of each of the following substances at 1 atm.
a. hydrogen gas
b. water
c. iron
Chapter 5 discusses the properties of gases. One property unique to gases is that they contain mostly empty space. Explain using the results of your calculations.

Key Concepts

Density

Density is a physical property defined as mass per unit volume. It allows us to convert between the mass of a substance and the space it occupies. In this context, knowing the density of water and iron versus hydrogen gas explains why identical masses of these substances have drastically different volumes due to their inherent structural differences.

Molar Volume and the Ideal Gas Law

For gases at standard conditions, the concept of molar volume—typically about 22.4 liters per mole at STP—plays a crucial role in determining the volume occupied by a gas given its mass. Although real conditions may vary, this principle underlines that gases, unlike liquids or solids, occupy far more space due to the weak intermolecular forces and large distances between molecules.

Molar Mass

Molar mass connects mass and the number of moles, allowing for the calculation of how many moles are present in a given mass of a substance. This step is essential for volume calculations since the molar volume of gases is determined on a per-mole basis, and similarly, it informs the calculations for liquids and solids when using density.

Molecular Structure and Empty Space in Gases

Gases are characterized by having molecules that are widely spaced compared to liquids and solids. This large separation means that even a small amount of gas by mass occupies a large volume, demonstrating that gases are mostly empty space. This contrasts sharply with the tightly packed nature of molecules in liquids and solids, resulting in much smaller occupied volumes for the same mass.

Transcript

00:01 All right, so we're just calculating some volumes.

00:03 Um, from the density that i was able to acquire from this table on page 27 in your textbook table, 1.5.

00:13 So we're just going to calculate some volumes, um, and we're gonna make it interesting.

00:18 You're going to see an interesting ah.

00:20 Comparison.

00:21 Sees me instant comparison between the density of the gas versus the density off a liquid or solid.

00:28 So, um, let's start with the volume of hydrogen.

00:32 So, um, we have a 25 gram sample, right? and we're gonna moat supply by, um, the density.

00:40 So we're gonna reflect the fraction as one centimeter cubed over 0.84 grams.

00:49 Right? and expressing that to two significant figures.

00:53 We're going to get 3.0 times 10 to the fifth, uh, centimeters cute, the volume of water.

01:03 So we're starting with a 25 gram sample, and we're gonna multiply it by one centimetre cute over the density, which is roughly one right 10.9982 grams and expressing that 23 significant figures, we're going to get ah, 25.0 again.

01:25 Right? so the density of water, um is basically one within significant figures.

01:31 Um, it's one.

01:34 And then the volume of iron, right? so metals air much more dense than, um, a lot of other elements on the periodic table.

01:42 So you'll see why in a second, right? so, um, one centimeter cubes over 7.8.

01:49 That's terrible...

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