Vinyl chloride (C2 H3 Cl) differs from ethylene (C2 H4) in that one of the H atoms is replaced w

Vinyl chloride (C2 H3 Cl) differs from ethylene (C2 H4) in...

Vinyl chloride $\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}\right)$ differs from ethylene $\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\right)$ in that one of the $\mathrm{H}$ atoms is replaced with a $\mathrm{Cl}$ atom. Vinyl chloride is used to prepare poly(vinyl chloride), which is an important polymer used in pipes. (a) Draw the Lewis structure of vinyl chloride. (b) The repeating unit in poly(vinyl chloride) is $-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHCl}-$ Draw a portion of the molecule showing three such repeating units. (c) Calculate the enthalpy change when $1.0 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~kg}$ of vinyl chloride forms poly(vinyl chloride).

Vinyl chloride $\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}\right)$ differs from ethylene $\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\right)$
in that one of the $\mathrm{H}$ atoms is replaced with a $\mathrm{Cl}$ atom. Vinyl chloride is used to prepare poly(vinyl chloride), which is an important polymer used in pipes. (a) Draw the Lewis structure of vinyl chloride. (b) The repeating unit in poly(vinyl chloride) is $-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHCl}-$ Draw a portion of the molecule showing three such repeating units. (c) Calculate the enthalpy change when $1.0 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~kg}$ of vinyl chloride forms poly(vinyl chloride).

Key Concepts

Lewis Structures in Organic Chemistry

Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They serve as fundamental tools in organic chemistry to predict the arrangement of electrons, the structure of molecules, and the formation of chemical bonds. Understanding how to draw Lewis structures is essential for determining molecular geometry, potential reactivity sites, and the overall stability of organic compounds.

Polymer Repeating Units and Structure

Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers, which are linked together by covalent bonds. The repeating unit is the smallest sub-structure that can be repeated to form the entire polymer chain. Recognizing the repeating unit helps in understanding the polymer's structure, physical properties, and behavior in various applications. This concept is critical when analyzing how the arrangement and type of monomer units influence the characteristics of the final polymer product.

Thermochemistry and Enthalpy of Reaction

Thermochemistry involves the study of energy changes during chemical reactions, particularly the heat absorbed or released, which is expressed as enthalpy change (?H). Calculating the enthalpy change of polymerization reactions requires understanding stoichiometry, bond energies, and the thermodynamic principles governing the formation of new bonds. This concept is crucial for evaluating the energy efficiency, feasibility, and safety of industrial polymerization processes.

Transcript

00:01 In this question we're looking into polymerization, and we're paying particular attention to the formation of polyvinyl chloride from our vinyl chloride.

00:13 So the first part of the question is asking for us to determine the monomer unit of polyvinyl chloride.

00:20 So this is the vinyl chloride that is then going to form a polyvinyl chloride.

00:27 So when we are forming the polyvinyl chloride, we are just breaking.

00:32 The double bond of the cc to have a polymer that is going to be in the form of let's just draw this as much as we can this is a part of a polyvinyl chloride so we're going to have our h h h h h h and we have an h cl h c l so all we did here was to just break this double bond and extend this to have a polymer.

01:07 Now moving on to determining the end of changes associated with forming polyvinyl chloride from vinucluride.

01:16 What we can do here is for every double bond that we are forming, that we are breaking, we are forming two single carbon to carbon, two single bonds.

01:37 So there are no other bonds that are broken or formed.

01:41 We are just looking at this central double bond that is in vene chloride.

01:48 This is what we are basically doing.

01:49 We are just breaking the double bond to form a single bond.

01:54 And for every one double bond we are forming two single bonds.

02:01 So the total energy input, remember the energy change associated with that change that is from veneuloride to polyvinyl chloride...

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