Water flows at 10 L / min through a horizontal 15-mm diameter tube. The pressure drop along a 20

Water flows at 10 L / min through a horizontal 15-mm...

Key Concepts

Head Loss

Head loss refers to the loss of energy or the equivalent loss in the height of a fluid column as the fluid travels through a pipe or channel. This loss is typically associated with friction and turbulence that occur due to the interaction of the fluid with the pipe walls and any obstructions. It is an important parameter when analyzing fluid flow in pipes since it determines the additional energy or pressure needed to transport the fluid over distances.

Pressure Drop

Pressure drop is the reduction in the pressure of a fluid as it moves from one point to another within a pipe or system. This drop is caused by resistance to flow, which can be due to friction, changes in cross-sectional area, bends, or other obstructions in the system. It is a key measurement for determining how much energy is lost in the form of mechanical work or heat due to these resistive forces.

Conversion of Pressure Drop to Head Loss

This concept involves converting the measured pressure drop into an equivalent head loss using the relation h = ?P/(?g), where ?P is the pressure drop, ? is the fluid density, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. This conversion is crucial in hydraulics as it translates pressure energy losses into a height difference, making it easier to compare with other forms of potential energy in the fluid system.

Transcript

00:01 Here the head loss per unit mass in the pipeline can be written as p1 divided by rho plus alpha 1 multiplied by v1 squared divided by 2 plus gz1 minus p2 divided by r0 plus alpha 2 multiplied by v2 squared divided by 2 plus gz2 is equals to net head loss total head loss.

00:28 Let this is equation number 1.

00:29 Now here the pressure at the two sections in the tube are p1, p2, velocities are v1 v2.

00:34 Since the pipe is horizontal, hence, since pipe is horizontal, pipe is horizontal, hence z1 will be equals to z2 and the diameter of tu is constant.

00:53 So v1 will be equals to v2.

00:56 Assuming, assume, assume kinetic energy correction factor is equals to 1.

01:03 Alpha 1 is equal to alpha 1 is equal to alpha 2 is equal to 1.

01:05 So, so we can put all this value in equation number 1 and we can write, we can write, we can write, p1 minus p2 divided where row is equal to hl total.

01:21 So this term will cancel out each other and this term will also cancel up.

01:26 Out each other.

01:27 So from here we get we get change in pressure del p divided by row is equals to net head loss.

01:35 Let this is equation number two.

01:39 Now at temperature at t is equals to 15 degrees centigrade we know that the density of water is 999 kg per meter cube and the kind of and the dynamic viscosity mu is to 1 .14 multiplied by 10 to the power of minus 3 newton second per meter square, newton second per meter square.

02:02 So we will substitute all this value in equation number 1...

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