What are four differences between the structure of DNA and...

Key Concepts

Molecular Stability

Due to the lack of a hydroxyl group on its sugar, DNA is more chemically stable and less prone to hydrolysis compared to RNA. The structural differences also contribute to the distinct functional roles of DNA in storing genetic information and RNA in processes like protein synthesis.

Strand Structure

DNA typically exists as a double-stranded helix that provides long-term stability and a reliable template for replication, whereas RNA is usually single-stranded and can form various secondary structures, which is crucial for its diverse roles in the cell.

Sugar Composition

DNA uses deoxyribose, which lacks an oxygen atom compared to the ribose found in RNA. This subtle difference in the sugar component affects the overall stability and reactivity of the nucleic acid molecule.

Nitrogenous Base Differences

DNA contains the base thymine while RNA contains uracil instead. This substitution not only distinguishes the two molecules at the chemical level but also influences their pairing and function within the cell.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so in this question, we are asked to give four differences between differences in the structure between dna and rna molecules.

00:08 So as we know, dna and rna, they fall into the category of molecules called nucleic acid, right? and nucleic acid, they are made up of nucleotides.

00:21 Or you can say that the building block of nucleic acid is basically nucleotides.

00:27 Now, there are three components that nucleotides.

00:30 Are made up of one is the pendoose sugar the second is your phosphate group and finally you have nitrogenous space so if we were to talk about dna molecule first let's first discuss about dna molecule and the structure uh so we made a rough diagram here of the sugar that and the nucleotide the nucleotide in the molecule is made up of so this is called the deoxy ribose sugar the oxy ribose now the sugar is derived from a ribos sugar the only difference is that at the two prime position at this position you'll find that instead of a hydroxyl group you have a hydrogen atom so so basically the oxygen atom is missing, which is why it's called.

01:38 You can also call it 2 prime.

01:41 You can also call it 2 prime deoxy ribose.

01:47 Now the other two components that we spoke about in a nucleotide where the phosphate group.

01:54 So the phosphate group will be positioned at the 5 prime position of the carbon.

02:00 So this is where the phosphate group would be located.

02:05 And the base would be formed at the 1 prime carbons so this is where the base will be forming the bond now in dna molecule there are four bases and these are adenine and guanine and guany and one in they fall under what we call one they fall into what we call purine and there are another set of group a group called pyramidine and the classes that fall under pyramidine are thymine and cytosine so the structural difference between purine and a pyramidine is that in the case of a pyramidine, it's a single ringed structure, whereas purine they have a double ringed structure.

03:13 So dna, what happens is, we know that dna they are double stranded, right? they are double stranded helical structure.

03:24 So they will form complementary base pairs between the two strands.

03:30 So by complementary base pairing we mean that adenine will form a bond with thymine always and guanine will form a bond with cytosine of the other strand.

03:48 And yeah, so they are tne molecules whether bdn or rna, they are polyneucyteite, right? so there will be more than one monomer it won't be a monomonic structure but rather they'll form a chain like structure so the next incoming nucleotide will be forming a bond here so the phosphate group of the incoming uh incoming uh nucleotide will form a phosphodiaster bond here so you will have so this will be the next nucleotide.

04:40 So you will have a phosphodiaster bond here.

04:45 Phosphodiaster bond forming which will be attacking the three prime hydroxyl group of the previous nucleotide.

04:58 So now moving on to the structure of rna molecule.

05:03 But before that there is a slide.

05:05 Let's take in the spelling here...

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