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What conditions are necessary for hurricane formation?
For a hurricane to form, the temperature at the oceans surface must be at least $80^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and the air must contain a lot of moisture.
Chemistry 101
Chapter 12
Concentrating Matter
Section 5
Extreme Physical Change
Intro to Chemistry
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
University of Kentucky
Brown University
University of Toronto
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So the question asked of us is to describe the conditions that are necessary for hurricane formation. So what is a hurricane? It's basically a giant rainstorm that forms over the ocean, and it has very powerful winds. Um, it has a distinctive shape, which looks sort of like a pinwheel while it's spinning. The wind speeds are greater than 75 MPH, and it could bring torrential rains, destructive wind and flooding to the area. Ah, hurricane. When I say how large it is, it could be up to 1000 miles across. So how do we develop this kind of storm? The first thing we know is that, uh, hurricane is formed over the ocean in hurricanes usually developed during the summer and fall months over the tropical waters of the ocean. The reason for this is that the water temperatures in the ocean need to be greater or at least 80 degrees fair in height. Okay, Yeah. The third thing that we need to form a hurricane is high level of moisture. So I have a diagram here. It's actually much more complicated than what we probably need to answer this question, but don't let that scare you. Okay, so, um, what we have is warm, moist air rising, and the water vapor condenses, forming storm clouds in the heat. Released from that condensation process, it warms the cool air above it, which allows the warm air to keep coming up higher and higher. Now, Hurricane can actually get to be 15 miles high. Um, as this process goes on and it keeps building. So the last thing we need to make this all work is a low pressure system. So it's late summer. It's very war about the water in our ocean is 80 F, or or warmer. It's very humid, so we have a lot of moisture in the air and a low pressure system develops. So we end up having if we look at our diagram, we end up having warm air rising. The water vapor condenses, forming storm clouds in this condensation warms the cooler air above it, so the storm can keep building higher and higher. It, um, develops, uh, rotation, rotational winds, and that's what gives the hurricane its shape. And if we see in the center, there's like a hollow part of this diagram. That's the eye of the storm. And that's where the cool air is going to come back down in that spot. And that's going to create what we call the eye of a hurricane, which is a storm free area. Um, this area can actually be as large as 60 miles across in the area immediately surrounding the I is called the eye wall. That area is actually the most violent part of the storm. So just to recap the things that we need large body of water Ah, such as an ocean. Ah. Secondly, the water temperature has to be at least 80 F. Third, we have to have a lot of moisture in the air. And fourth, we have to have a low pressure system. There you have it.
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