What enzymes are required for the synthesis of a glycogen...

Key Concepts

Glycogen Synthesis

Glycogen synthesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen, a highly branched polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy. This process involves a series of enzymatic reactions that convert glucose-6-phosphate into activated glucose and build up the glycogen particle through the formation of alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkages and alpha-1,6 branch points, ensuring rapid mobilization of glucose when needed.

Phosphoglucomutase

Phosphoglucomutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate. This step is crucial as it prepares the glucose molecule for further activation to a suitable nucleotide sugar, which is a necessary precursor for glycogen synthesis.

UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is responsible for converting glucose-1-phosphate into UDP-glucose by reacting it with UTP. UDP-glucose is the activated form of glucose and serves as the direct donor of glucose residues for the elongation of the glycogen chain during its synthesis.

Glycogen Synthase

Glycogen synthase is the key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds by transferring glucose from UDP-glucose to the growing glycogen chain. This enzyme is central to the elongation phase of glycogen synthesis and its activity is tightly regulated by hormonal and allosteric factors.

Glycogen Branching Enzyme

Glycogen branching enzyme is responsible for introducing alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds into the glycogen molecule, creating branch points. These branches increase the solubility of glycogen and enhance the efficiency of both synthesis and later mobilization, as multiple chain ends allow for rapid release of glucose when required.

Transcript

00:01 Other students, today we're going to be discussing about enzymes and glucose 6 phosphates in regards to a chapter on glycogen metabolism.

00:14 So we're fully aware that when it comes to the synthesis of glycogen, that yes, particular enzymes can produce glycogen, but when it comes down to that process, some of these enzymes, do need the help of glucose x phosphate to start that synthesis of glycogen to be produced.

00:41 So what are the enzymes that do need glucose x phosphate to start that synthesis process for glycogen? well, i already gave one away, which you see down here, yes, is one.

01:01 On the phosphonal groups, but this false, it's like the phosphonal group that is attached to the phosphorglucomotus enzyme is attached to that.

01:17 So that's how it's able to be synthesized and you're looking at like, but how's that possible? it's glucose 1 phosphate to glucose 6 phosphate.

01:32 Yeah, but we can see that all it says is one phosphonal group that comes in and transfer one inside to, i mean, from one group to a substrate, and then another phosphonal group comes in and just replenish it or bring it back to its initial state.

01:58 So it's not saying which way it goes type of deal.

02:03 So they say a phosphonal group, they didn't say which one comes first in a sense.

02:09 So basically it's just a phosphonal group that just comes in.

02:12 There's one thing.

02:13 And another one comes in to just bring it back to its initial state.

02:18 And another thing i wanted to bring up when it comes down to this is the glucocinous.

02:27 Phosphatase and i want to add clarity because in one of my videos i made an error and confuse it with glucose 6 phosphate so if you see that video yes i want to apologize for making that error but anywho back to the discussion how this process continues is that glucose 6 phosphatase is basically a hydrolytriotic enzyme that is in the liver that is able to get that glucose to leave out of the liver.

03:07 So that's why you see glucose 6 phosphat, how that water comes in and cuts that so it can create a glucose plus plus.

03:18 An inorganic, excuse me, an inorganic phosphate...

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