Lattice energy is the energy required to separate a mole of an ionic solid into its constituent gaseous ions. It can be represented mathematically as:
\[ U = \frac{N_A * Z^+ * Z^- * e^2}{4πε_0 * r} \]
where:
- \(U\) is the lattice energy,
- \(N_A\) is Avogadro's
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