What is the molar ratio of ammonium chloride/ammonium...

What is the molar ratio of ammonium chloride/ammonium hydroxide required to prepare ammonia buffer of $\mathrm{pH} 9.25$ ? The $\mathrm{Kb}$ of ammonium hydroxide is $1.8 \times 10^{-5}$ at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.

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Key Concepts

Buffer Solutions

Buffer solutions are mixtures that resist changes in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base. They typically consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which work together to stabilize the pH of the solution.

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the pKa of the weak acid and the ratio of the concentrations of its conjugate base to the acid. This equation is fundamental in designing buffer systems to achieve a specific pH.

Acid-Base Equilibrium

Acid-base equilibrium involves the dynamic balance between acids and bases in solution, where the weak acid partially dissociates into its conjugate base and hydrogen ions. Understanding this equilibrium is key to predicting the behavior of buffer systems.

Relationship between pKa and pKb

For conjugate acid-base pairs in water at 25°C, the sum of the pKa of the acid and the pKb of the base is approximately 14. This relationship allows conversion between Kb values and pKa, which is essential in buffer calculations and in applying the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

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