What is the structure of the α-keto acid formed by transamination of each of the following amino

step 1 Okay, so a transamination reaction occurs when an amino acid. So here we have threanine and an a

What is the structure of the α-keto acid formed by...

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Key Concepts

Transamination

Transamination is a biochemical process where an amino group is transferred from an amino acid to a keto acid, converting the amino acid into its corresponding ?-keto acid while the keto acid is transformed into a new amino acid. This reaction, catalyzed by aminotransferase enzymes with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a coenzyme, is a key step in amino acid metabolism and facilitates the interconversion of amino acids.

?-Keto Acids

?-Keto acids are organic compounds characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to a carboxylic acid group. They are produced through the removal of an amino group from an amino acid during transamination. These compounds play a critical role in various metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis, serving as key intermediates in energy and biosynthetic processes.

Functional Group Transformation

The conversion of an ?-amino group to an ?-keto group is a fundamental chemical transformation in metabolism. In transamination reactions, this transformation alters the functionality of the molecule, allowing the ?-keto acid to participate in subsequent metabolic reactions and pathways. This change is central to understanding how amino acids are metabolized and how their carbon backbones feed into broader metabolic networks.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so a transamination reaction occurs when an amino acid.

00:06 So here we have threanine and an alpha -keto acceptor.

00:15 So here we have alpha -keta -gluterate, switch functional groups.

00:20 So the amino acid is going to donate its amino group, and the alpha -keto acid is going to donate its carbonyl group.

00:30 So these are going to switch causing this, this alpha keto acceptor, to become a new amino acid, and this amino acid threanine is going to become an alpha keto derivative.

00:49 So in order to find what the structure is, all we have to do is substitute this amino group with a carbonyl group.

00:59 So let's go ahead and draw out what the product will be.

01:04 So the structure is going to be completely unchanged, except for the amino group, where we're going to have a carbonyl group.

01:14 And then make sure you put in all your hydrogens.

01:19 So this will be the structure of the alpha keto acid formed from threanine.

01:24 All right.

01:25 So this time i've just drawn phenylalanine here.

01:31 I'll just put the abbreviation here.

01:34 And i haven't drawn the alpha keto acceptor.

01:37 But we know that all we have to do is exchange this group here for a carbonyl group.

01:43 So again, we're going to draw out the structure, leaving everything unchanged except for the amino group.

01:53 There we go...

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