Question

What is unique about selenocysteine?

   What is unique about selenocysteine?

Biochemistry

Mary K. Campbell,… 8th Edition

Chapter 12, Problem 45

Instant Answer

Solved by Expert Sam Limsuwannarot

06/18/2020

Step 1

It is similar to the amino acid cysteine, but it has a selenium ion in place of the sulfur that is usually found in cysteine. This can be represented as follows: \[ \text{Cysteine:} -CH_2-SH \] \[ \text{Selenocysteine:} -CH_2-SeH \] Show more…

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What is unique about selenocysteine?

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Key Concepts

Genetic Code Recoding

Unlike the standard twenty amino acids, selenocysteine is encoded through a unique recoding mechanism. In this process, a codon that normally signals termination in protein synthesis is reinterpreted, allowing for the incorporation of selenocysteine at specific sites within polypeptides.

SECIS Element

The insertion of selenocysteine into proteins relies on a special RNA structure known as the SECIS (selenocysteine insertion sequence) element. This structural motif in the mRNA recruits specialized factors and redirects the translation machinery to include selenocysteine, highlighting a sophisticated level of genetic regulation.

Selenocysteine as a Unique Amino Acid

Selenocysteine is distinct among amino acids because it incorporates selenium instead of sulfur, which endows it with unique redox properties. This single-atom substitution can greatly affect the reactivity and catalytic function of the proteins in which it is found.

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