When 0.05 moles of the following acid are dissolved in 1000 ml of H2 O, the [H^+. will be greate

step 1 Hello everyone so in this question there is an acid and acid of 0 .05 moles dissolved in in 1000

When 0.05 moles of the following acid are dissolved in 1000...

When $0.05$ moles of the following acid are dissolved in $1000 \mathrm{ml}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$, the $\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right.$ will be greatest in (a) $\mathrm{HNO}_{2} ; \mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=3.0$ (b) $\mathrm{HCOOH} ; \mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=3.75$ (c) $\mathrm{HCN} ; \mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=9.4$ (d) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH} ; \mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=4.75$

When $0.05$ moles of the following acid are dissolved in $1000 \mathrm{ml}$ of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$, the $\left[\mathrm{H}^{+}\right.$ will be greatest in
(a) $\mathrm{HNO}_{2} ; \mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=3.0$
(b) $\mathrm{HCOOH} ; \mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=3.75$
(c) $\mathrm{HCN} ; \mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=9.4$
(d) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH} ; \mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}=4.75$

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Key Concepts

Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka) and pKa

The strength of an acid in solution is characterized by its acid dissociation constant, Ka, which is a measure of how readily an acid donates its proton (H+). The pKa value is defined as the negative logarithm of Ka, and it inversely relates to the acid’s strength: a lower pKa indicates a larger Ka and a stronger acid, meaning it dissociates more completely in water.

Acid Strength and Degree of Ionization

Acid strength refers to the degree to which an acid ionizes in solution. For acids with the same concentration, those with a lower pKa will produce a higher concentration of hydrogen ions due to greater ionization, ultimately resulting in increased [H+].

Impact of Dilution on Acid Ionization

When equal moles of different acids are dissolved in the same volume of water, as in a dilute solution, the relative acid strength (reflected in the pKa value) is the key determinant of the resulting [H+]. The acid with the lowest pKa value will yield the highest hydrogen ion concentration under these uniform conditions.

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