Question

When an impulse arrives at the synapse, the synaptic vesicles open and release neurotransmitters into the cleft within a thousandth of a second. Within another ten thousandth of a second, these molecules have diffused across the cleft and bound to receptor sites in the effector cell. In what two ways is transmission across a synapse terminated so that the neuron's signal is concluded?

Name: Problem 20, Chapter 28: Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Uploaded: 2022-01-07T17:54:37-08:00
Duration: 2 min 46 s
Channel: Ramesh Singh
Description: When an impulse arrives at the synapse, the synaptic vesicles open and release neurotransmitters into the cleft within a thousandth of a second. Within another ten thousandth of a second, these molecules have diffused across the cleft and bound to receptor sites in the effector cell. In what two ways is transmission across a synapse terminated so that the neuron's signal is concluded?

   When an impulse arrives at the synapse, the synaptic vesicles open and release neurotransmitters into the cleft within a thousandth of a second. Within another ten thousandth of a second, these molecules have diffused across the cleft and bound to receptor sites in the effector cell. In what two ways is transmission across a synapse terminated so that the neuron's signal is concluded?

Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

John McMurry, David… 1st Edition

Chapter 28, Problem 20

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Solved by Expert Ramesh Singh

01/07/2022

Step 1

This is where the neurotransmitter is stored or destroyed by enzymes. In mathematical terms, if $N$ is the amount of neurotransmitter released, a certain fraction $r$ is reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron or astrocytes. This can be represented Show more…

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When an impulse arrives at the synapse, the synaptic vesicles open and release neurotransmitters into the cleft within a thousandth of a second. Within another ten thousandth of a second, these molecules have diffused across the cleft and bound to receptor sites in the effector cell. In what two ways is transmission across a synapse terminated so that the neuron's signal is concluded?

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Key Concepts

Neurotransmitter Reuptake

This process involves the presynaptic neuron actively absorbing neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft back into its terminal. This reabsorption reduces the concentration of neurotransmitters available to bind to receptor sites on the postsynaptic cell, thereby terminating the signal transmission and helping to reset the synapse for the next signal.

Enzymatic Degradation

This mechanism entails enzymes present in the synaptic cleft breaking down neurotransmitters into inactive metabolites. The biochemical breakdown ensures that neurotransmitters cannot continuously activate receptors, effectively ending their action after the signal has been passed along.

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