When elemental carbon is burned in the open atmosphere, with...

When elemental carbon is burned in the open atmosphere, with plenty of oxygen gas present, the product is carbon dioxide. $$\mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)$$ However, when the amount of oxygen present during the burning of the carbon is restricted, carbon monoxide is more likely to result. $$2 \mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}(g)$$ What mass of each product is expected when a $5.00-\mathrm{g}$ sample of pure carbon is burned under each of these conditions?

When elemental carbon is burned in the open atmosphere, with plenty of oxygen gas present, the product is carbon dioxide.
$$\mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)$$
However, when the amount of oxygen present during the burning of the carbon is restricted, carbon
monoxide is more likely to result.
$$2 \mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}(g)$$
What mass of each product is expected when a $5.00-\mathrm{g}$ sample of pure carbon is burned under each of these conditions?

Key Concepts

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It involves using the balanced chemical equation to determine the molar ratios between substances, which then allows one to calculate the amount of products formed or reactants needed based on given masses.

Balanced Chemical Equations

A balanced chemical equation shows the relative number of moles of each substance involved in a reaction, ensuring that the law of conservation of mass is maintained. It provides the stoichiometric coefficients needed to perform calculations for converting between masses and moles of reactants and products.

Limiting Reactant

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed in a reaction, thereby determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed. When one reactant is in excess, the reaction yield is controlled by the reactant that is present in insufficient quantity.

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and is used to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of moles. This conversion is critical in stoichiometric calculations, as chemical equations are balanced in terms of moles rather than mass.

Combustion Reactions

Combustion reactions involve a substance (often a fuel) reacting with oxygen, typically producing oxides such as carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. The specific products depend on the conditions of the reaction, such as the amount of oxygen available, which can lead to complete or incomplete combustion.

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