Two vectors are orthogonal if their dot product is zero. The dot product of two vectors \(\mathbf{u}\) and \(\mathbf{v}\) is defined as \(\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{v} = |\mathbf{u}| |\mathbf{v}| \cos \theta\), where \(\theta\) is the angle between the two vectors.
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