Which is the correct ground-state electron configuration for...

Which is the correct ground-state electron configuration for antimony, $\mathrm{Sb}$ ? (a) $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{10} 4 s^{2} 4 p^{6} 4 d^{10} 5 s^{2} 5 d^{3}$ (b) $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{10} 4 s^{2} 4 p^{6} 4 d^{10} 5 s^{2} 5 p^{3}$ (c) $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{6} 5 s^{2} 4 d^{10} 5 p^{4}$ (d) 1s $^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{6} 5 s^{2} 5 p^{3}$ (e) $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{6} 5 s^{2} 4 f^{3}$

Which is the correct ground-state electron configuration for antimony, $\mathrm{Sb}$ ?
(a) $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{10} 4 s^{2} 4 p^{6} 4 d^{10} 5 s^{2} 5 d^{3}$
(b) $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 3 d^{10} 4 s^{2} 4 p^{6} 4 d^{10} 5 s^{2} 5 p^{3}$
(c) $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{6} 5 s^{2} 4 d^{10} 5 p^{4}$
(d) 1s $^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{6} 5 s^{2} 5 p^{3}$
(e) $1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{10} 4 p^{6} 5 s^{2} 4 f^{3}$

Key Concepts

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s various atomic orbitals (such as s, p, d, and f orbitals) according to a set of rules. This configuration describes how electrons are distributed among the energy levels and subshells of an atom, which in turn influences the chemical properties and reactivity of the element.

Ground-State Electron Configuration

The ground-state electron configuration represents the distribution of electrons in an atom when it is in its lowest energy state. This configuration follows the principles that govern electron occupancy, ensuring that electrons fill the available orbitals using the most stable, lowest-energy arrangement possible.

Aufbau Principle

The Aufbau principle is the guideline that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy. It states that each electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital available, resulting in the sequential building up of electronic configurations from lower to higher energy levels.

Orbital Notation

Orbital notation is a symbolic system used to denote the arrangement of electrons within the orbitals of an atom. Symbols such as s, p, d, and f denote different types of orbitals, each with characteristic shapes and capacities for holding electrons, which are crucial for understanding and predicting electron configurations.

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