Which is true regarding the HOCH2-(CHOH)4 -CH2 OH ? (1) the number of racemic mixtures will be f

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Which is true regarding the HOCH2-(CHOH)4 -CH2 OH ? (1) the...

Which is true regarding the $\mathrm{HOCH}_{2}-(\mathrm{CHOH})_{4}$ $-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH} ?$ (1) the number of racemic mixtures will be four for the compound. (2) the total number of optical isomers is ten and number of meso isomer is two. (3) the total number of optical isomer is sixteen and number of meso isomer is zero. (4) the optically active isomers are eight while meso isomers are two. (a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 2,3 and 4 (c) 1,2 and 4 (d) 1 and 2 only

Which is true regarding the $\mathrm{HOCH}_{2}-(\mathrm{CHOH})_{4}$ $-\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH} ?$
(1) the number of racemic mixtures will be four for the compound.
(2) the total number of optical isomers is ten and number of meso isomer is two.
(3) the total number of optical isomer is sixteen and number of meso isomer is zero.
(4) the optically active isomers are eight while meso isomers are two.
(a) 1,2 and 3
(b) 2,3 and 4
(c) 1,2 and 4
(d) 1 and 2 only

Key Concepts

Racemic Mixtures

A racemic mixture is an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers. While each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light in opposite directions, the optical activities cancel each other out, resulting in an optically inactive mixture. The concept of racemates is important when counting unique optical isomers as pairs.

Meso Compounds

Meso compounds are stereoisomers that contain chiral centers yet are achiral overall as a result of an internal plane of symmetry. Although they have stereocenters, meso compounds do not show optical activity, distinguishing them from other optical isomers.

Symmetry in Stereochemistry

Symmetry plays a crucial role in determining the actual number of distinct stereoisomers. In molecules with identical end groups or other symmetry elements, some stereoisomeric configurations may be superimposable on their mirror images (meso forms) or occur as enantiomeric pairs which can form racemic mixtures, thereby reducing the number of distinct optically active isomers.

Chirality

Chirality is the property of a molecule that makes it non?superimposable on its mirror image. In organic compounds, a carbon atom is chiral if it is attached to four different groups. The presence of chirality leads to the possibility of forming stereoisomers that rotate plane-polarized light.

Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism refers to the existence of molecules that have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms. For molecules with n chiral centers, the maximum number of stereoisomers is 2^n, although this number may be reduced if the molecule exhibits symmetry.

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