Which of the following are homologous organs? (a) Wings of...

Which of the following are homologous organs?
(a) Wings of insects and bats
(b) Fins of fishes and flippers of whale
(c) Fins of fishes and forearms of human
(d) Forearm of human, bat's wings and whale's flippers

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Key Concepts

Homologous Structures

These are anatomical features found in different species that originate from a common ancestor. While their functions may vary in modern organisms, their structural similarity indicates an evolutionary relationship and shared descent.

Analogous Structures

These are features that serve similar functions in different species but do not share a common evolutionary origin. They arise due to convergent evolution, where similar environmental pressures lead to the development of similar traits.

Comparative Anatomy

This is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomical structures of different organisms. It is crucial for identifying homologous structures, understanding evolutionary relationships, and distinguishing them from analogous features.

Convergent Evolution

This is the process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similar traits or structures, typically as adaptations to similar environmental conditions. It explains the presence of analogous structures despite a lack of common ancestry.

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