Which of the following is a correct statement? (LO 19.3,...

Name: Problem 25, Chapter 19: Pharmacology : An Introduction
Uploaded: 2021-06-04T10:45:22-08:00
Duration: 1 min 17 s
Channel: Asma Venkitta
Description: Which of the following is a correct statement? (LO 19.3, 19.4, 19.5) A. opioid analgesics produce little or no respiration depression with long-term use of analgesic doses B. opioid antagonists include endorphins C. all drugs in the opioid analgesic group are controlled substances, Schedule III D. in low doses, opioids produce nausea and vomiting E. fentanyl is a partial opioid antagonist

Which of the following is a correct statement? (LO 19.3, 19.4, 19.5) A. opioid analgesics produce little or no respiration depression with long-term use of analgesic doses B. opioid antagonists include endorphins C. all drugs in the opioid analgesic group are controlled substances, Schedule III D. in low doses, opioids produce nausea and vomiting E. fentanyl is a partial opioid antagonist

Which of the following is a correct statement? (LO 19.3, 19.4, 19.5)
A. opioid analgesics produce little or no respiration depression with long-term use of analgesic doses
B. opioid antagonists include endorphins
C. all drugs in the opioid analgesic group are controlled substances, Schedule III
D. in low doses, opioids produce nausea and vomiting
E. fentanyl is a partial opioid antagonist

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Key Concepts

Opioid Analgesics

Opioid analgesics are drugs that produce pain relief by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body. They are effective for managing moderate to severe pain but can also produce side effects such as respiratory depression, sedation, constipation, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Dose-Dependent Adverse Effects

The effects of opioids can vary with the dose. At lower doses, stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone may lead to side effects such as nausea and vomiting, while at higher doses, more dangerous side effects like marked respiratory depression are more prominent. This dose-dependency is crucial for understanding how opioids need to be carefully managed in clinical settings.

Opioid Receptors and Pharmacodynamics

Opioid receptors, including mu, delta, and kappa subtypes, are G-protein coupled receptors that mediate the effects of both endogenous opioids (like endorphins) and exogenous opioid drugs. The activation of these receptors by agonists leads to pain relief and other effects, whereas antagonists block these receptors, reversing or inhibiting the opioid effects. Understanding these interactions is key to explaining both therapeutic actions and side effects of opioid drugs.

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