Which of the following is not accompanied by an increase in...

Name: Problem 101, Chapter 17: Chemistry
Uploaded: 2020-11-28T07:02:02-08:00
Duration: 1 min 8 s
Channel: Shazia Naz
Description: Which of the following is not accompanied by an increase in the entropy of the system? (a) mixing of two gases at the same temperature and pressure, (b) mixing of ethanol and water, (c) discharging a battery, (d) expansion of a gas followed by compression to its original temperature, pressure, and volume.

Which of the following is not accompanied by an increase in the entropy of the system? (a) mixing of two gases at the same temperature and pressure, (b) mixing of ethanol and water, (c) discharging a battery, (d) expansion of a gas followed by compression to its original temperature, pressure, and volume.

Key Concepts

Entropy

Entropy is a fundamental thermodynamic property that measures the degree of disorder or randomness in a system. It is a state function, meaning its change depends only on the initial and final states of the system, not on the path taken. An increase in entropy typically indicates a process becoming more disordered, while a reversible process has no net change in entropy.

Reversible and Irreversible Processes

Processes in thermodynamics can be classified as reversible or irreversible. A reversible process is idealized and occurs in such a way that the system and surroundings can be restored to their original states with no net entropy change, whereas an irreversible process leads to a net increase in entropy due to dissipative effects such as friction, unrestrained expansion, or mixing.

Cyclic Processes

A cyclic process is one in which a system undergoes a series of changes and eventually returns to its initial state. For state functions like entropy, if the cyclic process is executed in a completely reversible manner, the total entropy change of the system is zero. However, in real-world situations, irreversibilities can lead to an overall increase in the entropy of the surroundings.

Mixing Processes

Mixing processes involve the combination of different substances and typically result in an increase in entropy because the mixed state is more disordered and has a higher number of accessible microstates compared to separated components. This is an irreversible change as the substances rarely separate spontaneously to restore the original order.

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