Which of the following is TRUE of infestation with fish...

Which of the following is TRUE of infestation with fish tapeworm?
(A) It may cause birth defects by competing with the host folic acid.
(B) It may cause liver granulomas.
(C) It may cause extremity paresthesias.
(D) It may cause a papular pruritic rash.

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Key Concepts

Parasitic Infections and Nutrient Competition

Some parasites, particularly certain tapeworms, have the capacity to absorb vital nutrients from their host. In the case of fish tapeworms, the parasite can sequester vitamin B12, leading to a deficiency in the host despite an adequate intake, which is an important concept in understanding how parasitic infections can affect systemic metabolism.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and proper neurological function. A deficiency, which can occur due to nutrient competition by parasites, can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues. Recognizing the source of vitamin B12 deficiency—whether nutritional or parasitic—involves understanding both dietary factors and potential parasitic causes.

Neurological Manifestations of Vitamin Deficiency

A deficiency in vitamin B12 often produces neurological signs such as extremity paresthesias, numbness, and in more severe cases, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. These manifestations illustrate how nutrient deficiencies induced by parasitic infections can have broader systemic effects beyond hematologic abnormalities.

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