Which of the following pictures best represents a solution...

Which of the following pictures best represents a solution made by adding $10 \mathrm{~g}$ of silver chloride, $\mathrm{AgCl}$, to a liter of water? In these pictures, the gray spheres represent $\mathrm{Ag}^{+}$ ions and the green spheres represent chloride ions. For clarity, water molecules are not shown.

Key Concepts

Ionic Dissociation

Ionic dissociation is the process in which an ionic compound splits into its constituent ions when dissolved in a solvent. In the case of AgCl, the compound dissociates into silver ions (Ag?) and chloride ions (Cl?), but due to its low solubility, the concentration of these ions in solution will be very low.

Solubility

Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. In the context of ionic compounds like AgCl, it describes how much of the compound can dissociate into its constituent ions when added to water. Because AgCl has an extremely low solubility product, only a very small fraction dissolves, leaving most of the material undissolved.

Saturated Solution

A saturated solution is one in which the maximum possible amount of solute has been dissolved in the solvent at a given temperature. For AgCl in water, even when excess material is added (such as 10 g), only a minute amount dissolves before equilibrium is reached, and any additional AgCl remains as a solid phase.

Precipitation

Precipitation describes the formation of a solid from a solution when the concentration of a dissolved substance exceeds its solubility limit. With AgCl, the majority of the added 10 g will not dissolve, leading to the presence of an undissolved, precipitated solid even though a very small number of ions are present in solution.

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