Which of the following statcment is/are corrcct? I. The...

Which of the following statcment is/are corrcct? I. The ligand thiosulpharo, $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}{ }^{2}$ can give rise ro linkage isomers. II. In mctallic carbonyls the ligand $\mathrm{CO}$ molccule acts borh as donor and acceptor. III. '1he complex [Pt(py)(NH $\left._{5}\right)\left(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\right)($ HBrI $]$ exists in eight different geometrical isomeric forms. IV. The complex ferricyanide does not follow effective atomic number (EAN) rule. (a) 1 aud 2 only (b) 2 and 1 only (c) 1,2 and 3 (d) 1,3 and $A$

Which of the following statcment is/are corrcct?
I. The ligand thiosulpharo, $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}{ }^{2}$ can give rise ro linkage isomers.
II. In mctallic carbonyls the ligand $\mathrm{CO}$ molccule acts borh as donor and acceptor.
III. '1he complex [Pt(py)(NH $\left._{5}\right)\left(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\right)($ HBrI $]$ exists in eight different geometrical isomeric forms.
IV. The complex ferricyanide does not follow effective atomic number (EAN) rule.
(a) 1 aud 2 only
(b) 2 and 1 only
(c) 1,2 and 3
(d) 1,3 and $A$

Key Concepts

Effective Atomic Number (EAN) Rule

The Effective Atomic Number (EAN) rule is a concept used to predict the stability of coordination compounds by summing the electrons provided by the metal ion and the surrounding ligands. According to this rule, a complex is often more stable when the total electron count around the metal center equals the atomic number of the nearest noble gas, although there are notable exceptions to this rule.

Linkage Isomerism

Linkage isomerism occurs when a ligand that can coordinate to a metal center through different atoms binds in more than one way. This type of isomerism is particularly common for ambidentate ligands, which possess more than one potential donor atom, enabling the formation of distinct isomers depending on the atom of attachment to the metal.

Metal Carbonyl Complexes and Synergistic Bonding

Metal carbonyl complexes are compounds in which carbon monoxide acts as a ligand coordinating to a metal center. The CO ligand is a strong field ligand that exhibits synergistic bonding, where it donates electron density to the metal through its carbon atom while simultaneously accepting electron density back from the metal’s d orbitals into its anti-bonding ?* orbitals. This dual donation and back-donation stabilizes the complex and is a key concept in understanding metal carbonyl chemistry.

Geometrical Isomerism in Coordination Complexes

Geometrical isomerism in coordination complexes arises from different spatial arrangements of ligands around the central metal ion. This includes cis-trans isomerism, fac-mer isomerism, and other forms of spatial variation, leading to complexes with distinct physical and chemical properties even though they share the same molecular formula.

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