Which of the following statement is true? (a) Hybridization...

Which of the following statement is true? (a) Hybridization of the central atom in $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{CH}_{4}$ is $\mathrm{sp}^{2}$ (b) $\mathrm{BeCl}_{2}$ has "V" shape while $\mathrm{SO}_{2}$ is linear (c) $\mathrm{SF}_{6}$ is octahedral and $\mathrm{F}-\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{F}$ bond angle is $90^{\circ}$ (d) $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ has dipole moment

Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Hybridization of the central atom in $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{CH}_{4}$ is $\mathrm{sp}^{2}$
(b) $\mathrm{BeCl}_{2}$ has "V" shape while $\mathrm{SO}_{2}$ is linear
(c) $\mathrm{SF}_{6}$ is octahedral and $\mathrm{F}-\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{F}$ bond angle is $90^{\circ}$
(d) $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ has dipole moment

Key Concepts

Orbital Hybridization

Orbital hybridization explains how atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals that determine the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom. This concept helps predict the molecular shape and bond formation properties in chemical compounds by indicating whether the geometry should be linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, etc.

VSEPR Theory

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is used to predict the three-dimensional shape of molecules based on the idea that electron pairs around a central atom repel each other. This theory takes into account both bonding and lone pairs to determine the molecular geometry, influencing bond angles and molecular polarity.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It is dictated by the electron pair distribution around the central atom and is critical for understanding the physical and chemical properties of the molecule, including symmetry and reactivity.

Bond Angles

Bond angles are the angles between adjacent bonds that originate from the same atom. These angles are influenced by the repulsion between electron pairs as described by VSEPR theory, and specific molecular geometries, like octahedral or tetrahedral, have characteristic bond angle values which are essential for understanding molecular shape.

Molecular Polarity

Molecular polarity arises from differences in electronegativity between atoms and the overall shape of the molecule. Even if polar bonds are present, a symmetric molecular geometry can result in the cancellation of individual dipoles, leading to a non-polar molecule. The concept of molecular polarity is critical for predicting intermolecular forces and the physical properties of substances.

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