Which of the following statements is FALSE based on Darwin’s...

Which of the following statements is FALSE based on Darwin’s theory of evolution? (A) $\quad$ Natural selection is the driving force for evolution. (B) $\quad$ Favorable genetic variations become more and more common in individuals throughout their lives. (C) $\quad$ Natural selection can drive organisms living in groups to ultimately become distinct species. (D) $\quad$ Fitness is measured by reproductive success.

Which of the following statements is FALSE based on Darwin’s theory of evolution?
(A) $\quad$ Natural selection is the driving force for evolution.
(B) $\quad$ Favorable genetic variations become more and more common in individuals throughout their lives.
(C) $\quad$ Natural selection can drive organisms living in groups to ultimately become distinct species.
(D) $\quad$ Fitness is measured by reproductive success.

Key Concepts

Fitness

Fitness in evolutionary biology is a measure of an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. It reflects the relative reproductive success of an individual in passing on its genetic material to the next generation, and it is a key concept in understanding natural selection.

Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process where populations diverge to form distinct species. This can occur through mechanisms like geographic isolation or adaptation to different environmental pressures, ultimately leading to reproductive isolation between the groups.

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA among individuals within a population. It is the essential source of diversity on which natural selection acts, leading to evolutionary change over generations, rather than altering the traits of an individual during its lifetime.

Natural Selection

Natural selection is the process by which individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than others, leading to the gradual emergence and persistence of these advantageous traits in a population over generations.

Transcript

00:01 This question asks, which of the following statements is false based on darwin's theory of evolution.

00:05 Natural selection is the driving force for evolution.

00:08 Favorable genetic variations become more and more common in individuals throughout their lives.

00:13 Natural selection can drive organisms living in groups to ultimately become distinct species or fitnesses measured by reproductive success.

00:21 So knowing darwin's theory of evolution, we can determine the correct answer here.

00:29 So let's start off with that first point.

00:32 What is darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection? well, darwin argues that basically the different variation that occur between organisms that usually occur randomly and due to chance can help a particular organism survive and survival of an organism leads to reproductive success, right? if an organism is going to survive for a longer period of time, it is more like, to find a mating partner and therefore produce offspring.

01:05 So that means that those variations in the parent organism will be passed on.

01:11 So variations are going to be passed on to the offspring.

01:22 So basically in this situation, if only the most strong are going to survive and only the most strong are therefore going to be able to have reproductive success, then theoretically we should have offspring that are only going to be strong.

01:36 However, those offspring are going to have variations themselves, so we keep building a stronger and stronger species over time.

01:45 So basically natural selection serves as this mechanism that can drive evolution forward, allowing for certain characteristics that had emerged by a chance of variation in an organism, those small chance variations could stick within the species and within that organisms line, and therefore they might become a persistent characteristic of that organism.

02:15 So that is why if we look at our answer choices, since we are looking for the false characterization of darwin's theory of evolution, choice b is going to be our correct answer choice because it is not true that favorable genetic variations become more and more common in individuals throughout their lives...

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