Which of the statements about the reaction below are...

Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect? $2 \mathrm{PbO}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{~Pb}(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})$ (a) Lead is getting reduced. (b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised. (c) Carbon is getting oxidised. (d) Lead oxide is getting reduced. (i) (a) and (b) (ii) $\quad$ (a) and (c) (iii) $(\mathrm{a}),(\mathrm{b})$ and $(\mathrm{c})$ (iv) all

Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect? $2 \mathrm{PbO}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{~Pb}(\mathrm{~s})+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})$
(a) Lead is getting reduced.
(b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
(c) Carbon is getting oxidised.
(d) Lead oxide is getting reduced.
(i) (a) and (b)
(ii) $\quad$ (a) and (c)
(iii) $(\mathrm{a}),(\mathrm{b})$ and $(\mathrm{c})$
(iv) all

Key Concepts

Redox Reactions

These are chemical processes in which electrons are transferred between reactants, resulting in changes to their oxidation states. In any redox reaction, one substance undergoes oxidation (loses electrons) and another undergoes reduction (gains electrons), and understanding these changes is fundamental for analyzing reaction mechanisms.

Oxidation

Oxidation is the process in which a chemical species loses electrons, often accompanied by an increase in its oxidation number. This concept is central to determining which species is the reducing agent, as the one being oxidized donates electrons in the reaction.

Reduction

Reduction is the gain of electrons by a chemical species, usually indicated by a decrease in oxidation number. Identifying the species that undergoes reduction helps in determining the oxidizing agent, since that species accepts electrons from the reducing agent.

Oxidation States

Oxidation states or numbers are a useful bookkeeping tool that help chemists track electron transfers in redox reactions. By assigning oxidation numbers to atoms in chemical species, one can determine which atoms are oxidized and which are reduced during the reaction.

Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

In a redox reaction, the oxidizing agent is the substance that accepts electrons (thereby causing reduction), while the reducing agent is the one that donates electrons (thereby undergoing oxidation). Correctly identifying these agents based on changes in oxidation numbers is key to understanding the flow of electrons in any redox process.

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