Which statement about allele frequencies is not true? a. The...

Which statement about allele frequencies is not true? a. The sum of all allele frequencies at a locus is always 1 $b .$ If there are two alleles at a locus and we know the frequency of one of them, we can obtain the frequency of the other by subtraction. $c .$ If an allele is missing from a population, its frequency in that population is 0 d. If two populations have the same allele frequencies at a locus, they must have the same proportion of homozygotes at that locus. $e .$ If there is only one allele at a locus, its frequency is 1

Which statement about allele frequencies is not true?
a. The sum of all allele frequencies at a locus is always 1
$b .$ If there are two alleles at a locus and we know the frequency of one of them, we can obtain the frequency of the other by subtraction.
$c .$ If an allele is missing from a population, its frequency in that population is 0
d. If two populations have the same allele frequencies at a locus, they must have the same proportion of homozygotes at that locus.
$e .$ If there is only one allele at a locus, its frequency is 1

Key Concepts

Allele Frequencies

Allele frequencies represent the relative proportions of different variants of a gene (alleles) within a population. They are calculated by dividing the number of copies of a specific allele by the total number of copies of all alleles for that gene in the population. A fundamental property is that the sum of allele frequencies at a locus in a given population is always equal to one.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle that provides a model for predicting the genetic makeup of a population under ideal conditions, such as random mating, no mutation, no migration, no selection, and a large population size. Under this equilibrium, allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation and the expected genotype frequencies can be calculated directly from the allele frequencies.

Genotype Frequencies

Genotype frequencies refer to the proportion of different genotypes in a population. Under Hardy-Weinberg conditions, these frequencies can be predicted from allele frequencies. However, even if allele frequencies are the same across populations, differences in factors such as mating patterns or inbreeding may cause discrepancies in genotype frequencies, particularly in the proportion of homozygotes and heterozygotes.

Population Structure and Mating Patterns

Population structure and mating patterns influence the distribution of genotypes within a population. Deviations from random mating, such as inbreeding or assortative mating, can lead to differences in genotype frequencies—even if allele frequencies remain the same. This key concept explains why two populations with identical allele frequencies might still have differing proportions of homozygotes.

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