Which statement best describes the difference between...

Which statement best describes the difference between responses of effector $\mathrm{B}$ cells (plasma cells) and those of cytotoxic T cells? (A) $\mathrm{B}$ cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity. (B) $\mathrm{B}$ cells respond the first time a pathogen is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times. (C) $\mathrm{B}$ cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells. (D) $\mathrm{B}$ cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response.

Which statement best describes the difference between responses of effector $\mathrm{B}$ cells (plasma cells) and those of cytotoxic T cells?
(A) $\mathrm{B}$ cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity.
(B) $\mathrm{B}$ cells respond the first time a pathogen is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times.
(C) $\mathrm{B}$ cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells.
(D) $\mathrm{B}$ cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response.

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Key Concepts

Humoral Immunity

Humoral immunity refers to the aspect of the immune response that involves the production of antibodies by B cells. This defense mechanism targets antigens present in extracellular fluids, preventing the spread of pathogens and facilitating their clearance.

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response primarily driven by T cells rather than antibodies. It involves the direct elimination of infected cells, tumor cells, or pathogens and is essential for controlling intracellular infections where antibodies are less effective.

B Cell (Plasma Cell) Response

B cells are a type of lymphocyte that, upon activation, differentiate into plasma cells which produce and secrete antibodies. These antibodies circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system to bind pathogens, marking them for destruction and neutralizing their harmful effects, which is the hallmark of the humoral immune response.

Cytotoxic T Cell Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that play a crucial role in the cell-mediated immune response. They recognize infected host cells presenting antigen fragments on MHC class I molecules and directly kill these compromised cells, thereby controlling intracellular infections.

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