Why do you think different theorists have defined...

Name: Problem 34, Chapter 7: Psychology Openstax
Uploaded: 2020-07-11T17:24:18-08:00
Duration: 4 min 29 s
Channel: Alyssa Mae L.
Description: Why do you think different theorists have defined intelligence in different ways?

Key Concepts

Cultural and Contextual Influences

Cultural and contextual factors play a significant role in shaping our understanding of intelligence. Different cultural backgrounds and societal needs can influence which cognitive abilities are valued or emphasized, leading theorists to adapt definitions to better fit the specific contexts in which intelligence is applied or studied.

Measurement and Operationalization

How intelligence is defined is closely linked to how it is measured. The development of diverse intelligence tests and assessments, which operationalize intelligence in different ways, often reflects and reinforces the theoretical bias of the researcher. As a result, definitions of intelligence can vary based on the instruments and methodologies used to quantify it.

Complexity of the Construct

Intelligence is a multifaceted and abstract concept that encompasses a range of cognitive abilities, including problem-solving, reasoning, creativity, and adaptability. This inherent complexity leads theorists to emphasize different aspects of intelligence based on what they consider most central or important, which results in varied definitions.

Theoretical Perspectives

Different theorists approach the study of intelligence from varied theoretical frameworks such as psychometrics, cognitive psychology, and socio-cultural theories. Each perspective brings its own assumptions and focal points—for instance, some highlight measurable factors like the general intelligence factor (g), while others emphasize multiple distinct intelligences or practical, everyday problem-solving abilities.

Transcript

0:00 All right.

00:02 So this question is asking us, why do you think different theorists have defined intelligence in different ways? and i think in order to better answer this question, it's best to really go over and remember the different theorists in terms of intelligence and what they brought to the table in terms of their definition of intelligence.

00:21 So in reading about this section on intelligence, we first read about charles spearman, who was a british psychologist and he defined intelligence.

00:30 As being denoted by the g factor.

00:38 And this was probably one of the most basic definitions of intelligence, and it's simply compared between individuals on the commonalities between their intellectual capabilities.

00:50 And that was basically how it came to be.

00:53 And that's probably what we think about when we hear about intelligence and compared among other individuals.

00:59 But moving forward, we later described intelligence as being of multiple factors rather than a singular factor of g.

01:08 And this comes from very distinct abilities between people.

01:15 And that's when raymond cattell, and this was around the 1940s, came up with crystallized and fluid intelligence.

01:30 And this really broke it down to crystallize being the ability to acquire knowledge and then flukewarm.

01:37 Being able to see complex relationships and putting that together you would imagine would constitute a very intelligent person.

01:45 And then furthermore, we have robert sternberg, who's coined with the triarchic theory of intelligence...

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