Write a Lewis structure for each molecule. Which formulas...

Write a Lewis structure for each molecule. Which formulas represent alkanes? Which are probably aromatic? Which fall into neither category? (a) $\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{10}$ (b) $\mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{8}$ (c) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}$ (d) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}$ (e) $\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}$ (f) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{10}$

Write a Lewis structure for each molecule. Which formulas represent alkanes? Which are probably aromatic? Which fall into neither category?
(a) $\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{10}$
(b) $\mathrm{C}_{10} \mathrm{H}_{8}$
(c) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}$
(d) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}$
(e) $\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}$
(f) $\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{10}$

Key Concepts

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are fundamental in illustrating how atoms share electrons to achieve stable electron configurations or octets, and are the first step in predicting molecular shape and reactivity.

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms and follow the general molecular formula C?H????. Their lack of double bonds and rings means they are relatively unreactive compared to unsaturated or aromatic compounds, and their straight? or branched-chain structures are typically drawn with only sigma bonds.

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are cyclic, planar molecules with a conjugated system of pi electrons that obey Hückel's rule (possessing 4n+2 pi electrons, where n is a non-negative integer). This delocalization of electrons leads to enhanced stability and distinct chemical properties compared to alkanes or typical unsaturated compounds.

Degree of Unsaturation

The degree of unsaturation (or index of hydrogen deficiency) is a calculation used to determine the number of rings and/or multiple bonds present in a molecule. By comparing the actual number of hydrogens in a compound to the number expected in a fully saturated alkane (C?H????), one can infer the existence of double bonds, triple bonds, or rings in the molecular structure.

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