Write balanced (i) formula unit, (ii) total ionic, and (iii)...

Write balanced (i) formula unit, (ii) total ionic, and (iii) net ionic equations for the reactions that occur between the acid and the base. Assume that all reactions occur in water or in contact with water. G (a) hydrochloric acid + barium hydroxide (b) dilute sulfuric acid $+$ strontium hydroxide (c) perchloric acid + aqueous ammonia 78. (a) acetic acid + potassium hydroxide (b) sulfurous acid $+$ sodium hydroxide (c) hydrofluoric acid $+$ lithium hydroxide

Write balanced (i) formula unit,
(ii) total ionic, and (iii) net ionic equations for the reactions that occur between the acid and the base. Assume that all reactions occur in water or in contact with water.
G (a) hydrochloric acid + barium hydroxide
(b) dilute sulfuric acid $+$ strontium hydroxide
(c) perchloric acid + aqueous ammonia
78. (a) acetic acid + potassium hydroxide
(b) sulfurous acid $+$ sodium hydroxide
(c) hydrofluoric acid $+$ lithium hydroxide

Key Concepts

Balanced Chemical Equations

Balanced chemical equations are representations of chemical reactions in which the number of atoms for each element and the overall charge are conserved across reactants and products. In acid-base contexts, this ensures that the stoichiometry of the compounds before and after the reaction is accurately shown, providing a foundation for further analysis and equation manipulation.

Total Ionic Equations

Total ionic equations express all strong electrolytes—compounds that dissociate completely in water—as their constituent ions. This type of equation reveals every ion present in the solution, including those that do not participate directly in the reaction, which helps in understanding the full picture of species involved during the reaction.

Net Ionic Equations

Net ionic equations are derived by removing the spectator ions from the total ionic equations to highlight only the species that actually undergo chemical change. This simplification isolates the essence of acid-base reactions, showing only the direct interactions, such as the proton transfer events that lead to the formation of water and salts.

Spectator Ions

Spectator ions are ions that remain unchanged in both the reactants and products during the reaction. Although they are present in the total ionic equation, they do not participate in the chemical transformation and can be omitted in the net ionic equation to simplify the reaction's representation.

Acid-Base Reactions and Neutralization

Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of protons between acids and bases, typically resulting in the formation of water and a salt in a process known as neutralization. This concept is fundamental in understanding how acids and bases interact in aqueous environments, driving the reaction towards a state where the acidic and basic properties effectively cancel each other out.

Transcript

00:01 So in this question, we're going to write formula unit total ionic and net ionic equations for these reactions.

00:12 For the first one, we have hydrochloric acid reacting with the barium hydroxide.

00:38 So barium is from group two, and hydroxide has a charge of negative 1.

00:44 We have to be sure that charges are balanced, and then we end up getting barium chloride and water.

00:55 So in this case, water is in the lucid phase, and this, according to the solidity rules, is soluble because chlorides, bromides, iodidex are soluble except when paired with silver, lead, and mercury.

01:12 So now, let's balance this equation.

01:16 So we have two chlorides.

01:21 So let's put a two here to balance at the chloride.

01:26 And then you see that we need to put a two in front of the water.

01:32 And it balances out oxygen and hydrogen.

01:36 That's all balanced.

01:38 Now write the now ionic.

01:43 So if it's an aqueous phase, we need to separate it into its ions.

01:53 And if it has a subscript, we have to use that to separate it into its ions.

02:03 So for example, the subscript on the hydroxide is 2, so we have two of them in an aqueous solution.

02:10 Then separate this out.

02:12 And then the water is not an aqueous phase, is not separated.