Write the balanced formula equation for the acid-base reactions that occur when the following ar

Write the balanced formula equation for the acid-base...

Key Concepts

Acid-Base Neutralization

Acid-base neutralization reactions involve the reaction of an acid with a base to form water and a salt. This general reaction mechanism underpins many chemical reactions in aqueous solutions, where proton transfer occurs from the acid to the base, resulting in the formation of water molecules and ionic compounds known as salts.

Balanced Chemical Equations

Balanced chemical equations are representations of chemical reactions where the number of atoms for each element is conserved. This concept ensures that the law of conservation of mass is observed, meaning the number of atoms in the reactants is equal to the number of atoms in the products, with proper coefficients indicating the stoichiometric ratios among species.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves using the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. This concept is essential for determining the correct proportions of substances needed or produced, which is crucial in balancing chemical equations and predicting the yields of reactions.

Physical States and Solubility

Understanding the physical states of reactants and products (solid, liquid, aqueous, gas) is key in chemical reactions. This knowledge helps in predicting reaction outcomes, such as whether a precipitate will form in a reaction or whether the substances will remain in solution, thus affecting the overall balance and behavior of the reaction.

Transcript

00:01 So for this question, we want to find the balanced equation or formula for a couple reactant mixtures for acid -based chemistry.

00:11 So let's go ahead and write out our first one.

00:14 So starting with a.

00:17 We were told that we have potassium hydroxide, which is k -o -h.

00:25 And we were also told that we have nitric acid, which is h, n -o -3.

00:33 So doing out this equation, before we worry about balancing, let's just make sure we know all of our reactants and products.

00:42 So we're going to do k -o -h, and we know this is aqueous.

01:01 And now for our products, we know that they're going to combine for one product and our other product is always going to be water in the liquid form.

01:18 And if we want to look at how we're going to balance this, let's just start with our potassium first.

01:25 We have one potassium on our reactant side, one potassium on our product side.

01:31 Looking at oxygen, we have four oxygens on our reactant side, four oxygens on our product side, hydrogens, you have two on our product side and two on our reactant side.

01:44 And then lastly, for nitrogen, we have one on our reactant side and one on our product side and one on product side.

01:49 So this equation is fully balanced already.

01:51 We don't have to add anything.

01:52 We don't have to do anything.

01:53 This is the answer for our first part.

01:56 Going on to b, we were told that we have barium hydroxide, which is a barium hydroxide.

02:07 And then we were also told that we have hydrochloric acid, which is something we see a lot in chemistry.

02:13 And that's going to be an hydrogen and chlorine, and it's hydrochloric acid.

02:18 So we're going to go ahead and do the same thing we do.

02:21 Did for part a, before we balance anything, we're going to make sure that we know all of our products that are formed from the mixture of these two reactants.

02:48 There's our water that we know, and then the combination of our barium and our chlorine equis.

03:04 So when we're looking at wanting to balance this, let's first look at our bariums.

03:11 We have one barrier.

03:12 We have one on our reactant side and one on our product side.

03:16 We can look at our chlorine.

03:21 We have two chlorine on our product side and only one on our reactant side.

03:26 So we know that we're going to need at least a two here.

03:30 And that would balance our chlorines.

03:33 But then if we look at our hydrogens, we have two.

03:40 Let's do it in this color.

03:41 We have two in our first reactant, and then we have two in our second, which is four, and we only have two on our product side.

03:53 So that means we would need at least two waters, but before we can say we're done, we have to make sure that our oxygens are balanced.

04:02 So we have two oxygens in our reactants, and now we have two oxygens in our products, which means that now our, our, this equation is fully balanced and we are set to move on to the next.

04:19 Let's go down a little bit.

04:20 So we have plenty of room.

04:22 I'm going to do c.

04:24 So we were told we have perchloric acid, which is a hydrogen, chlorine, and four oxygen.

04:34 And then we were also told that we have iron three hydroxide.

04:40 So we have our iron and hydroxide.

04:44 And since we were told that this was iron three, we'll put a third.

04:46 Three here.

04:49 So just like we've done in the past, let's write out all of our reactants and find the products first.

04:55 So we have our perchloric acid...