Write the condensed electron configurations for the...

Write the condensed electron configurations for the following atoms, and indicate how many unpaired electrons each has: (a) $\mathrm{Ga}$, (b) $\mathrm{Ca},(\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{V},(\mathrm{d}) \mathrm{I},(\mathrm{e}) \mathrm{Y}$, (f) $\mathrm{Pt}$,
(g) Lu.

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Key Concepts

Electron Configuration

This concept refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s orbitals, typically indicated by the principal quantum number, letter designation for the orbital type, and superscript showing the number of electrons. Understanding electron configurations is essential for predicting atomic behavior, chemical bonding, and periodic trends.

Condensed Electron Configuration (Noble Gas Notation)

Condensed electron configurations simplify the full electron configuration by starting with the electron configuration of the nearest preceding noble gas in brackets. This method highlights only the electrons beyond the core electrons, streamlining the representation of an atom’s electron arrangement.

Orbital Filling Order

Orbital filling order describes the sequence in which electrons occupy orbitals, typically following the Aufbau principle. This rule ensures that lower energy orbitals are filled before higher energy ones, a key concept for understanding the distribution of electrons in atoms and predicting periodic properties.

Hund's Rule for Unpaired Electrons

Hund's rule states that electrons will fill degenerate orbitals singly with parallel spins before pairing up. This is crucial in determining the number of unpaired electrons in an atom, which affects magnetic properties and reactivity.

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