Write the electron configuration for the simple ion that...

Write the electron configuration for the simple ion that each of the following elements most commonly forms, and indicate which noble gas has the same electron configuration as the ion.
a. chlorine, $Z=17$
b. oxygen, $Z=8$
c. aluminum, $Z=13$
d. barium, $Z=56$
e. selenium, $Z=34$

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Key Concepts

Stability and the Octet Rule

The octet rule explains how atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have a full set of eight electrons in their outermost shell, similar to the electron configuration of noble gases. This concept underpins the common ionic states that elements form to achieve electron configurations that are energetically more favorable.

Noble Gas Electron Configuration

Noble gas electron configuration is a shorthand notation used to represent the electron configuration of an atom. It uses the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas element as a reference point, simplifying the representation of the electron distribution in the remaining orbitals.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It tells us how electrons occupy atomic orbitals according to increasing energy and follows specific rules such as the Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule.

Ions

Ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge. In the context of electron configurations, forming an ion typically involves the loss of electrons to form a cation or the gain of electrons to form an anion, in order to achieve a stable electron arrangement.

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