Write the formula for each of the following compounds, and...

Name: Problem 87, Chapter 3: Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity
Uploaded: 2020-06-04T19:26:39-08:00
Duration: 7 min 49 s
Channel: David Alvarez-Carbonell
Description: Write the formula for each of the following compounds, and tell which ones are best described as ionic: (a) sodium hypochlorite (b) boron triiodide (c) aluminum perchlorate (d) calcium acetate (e) potassium permanganate (f) ammonium sulfite (g) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (h) disulfur dichloride (i) chlorine trifluoride (j) phosphorus trifluoride

Write the formula for each of the following compounds, and tell which ones are best described as ionic: (a) sodium hypochlorite (b) boron triiodide (c) aluminum perchlorate (d) calcium acetate (e) potassium permanganate (f) ammonium sulfite (g) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (h) disulfur dichloride (i) chlorine trifluoride (j) phosphorus trifluoride

Write the formula for each of the following compounds, and tell which ones are best described as ionic:
(a) sodium hypochlorite
(b) boron triiodide
(c) aluminum perchlorate
(d) calcium acetate
(e) potassium permanganate
(f) ammonium sulfite
(g) potassium dihydrogen phosphate
(h) disulfur dichloride
(i) chlorine trifluoride
(j) phosphorus trifluoride

Key Concepts

Chemical Formula Construction

This concept involves translating the systematic or common name of a compound into its chemical formula by combining element symbols and polyatomic ion formulas while ensuring the total positive and negative charges balance to zero. It requires familiarity with oxidation states and the charges that different ions carry, enabling one to correctly write formulas for neutral compounds.

Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding

This concept distinguishes compounds based on the nature of the bonding involved. Ionic compounds typically form between metals and nonmetals and consist of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic forces, whereas covalent (molecular) compounds usually form between nonmetals and involve the sharing of electron pairs. Recognizing the type of bonding helps in predicting properties such as electrical conductivity, melting point, and solubility.

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms covalently bonded together that carry an overall charge, functioning as a single unit in chemical compounds. Understanding these ions is crucial in chemical formula construction because many compounds include them, and their fixed ratios and charges are important for balancing the overall charge in ionic compounds.

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical nomenclature is the system of rules used to name chemical compounds systematically. It provides conventions for naming ionic compounds (which often involve the cation coming first followed by the anion) and molecular compounds (which might use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms), aiding in the communication and understanding of chemical formulas and structures.

Transcript

00:01 We are given here a list of compound names, and we need to write the formula out of the name, and we need to determine which one is an ionic compound.

00:18 So the first one is a compound named sodium hypochlorite.

00:28 If it is sodium hypochlorite, you write n .a., symbol of sodium.

00:33 And then the hypochlorite group is c -l -o.

00:42 C -l -o has a, is an anion with a charge of negative 1.

00:48 Sodium, positive 1.

00:51 It's a cation.

00:53 Therefore, a cation and anion form anionicompion.

01:03 Next, bottom tri -iodide.

01:07 Volume and then iodide three times tri -iodide because they both are non -metals this is non -ionic next aluminum perchlorate aluminum and then perchlorate the formula of the perchlorate group is the perchlorid group cl4 has a negative one charge aluminum is a metal from group three that has that is able to form a cation with a charge of positive three therefore we need to compensate for these three positive charges by having three per clodid groups now we're going to have three negative charges because per clodid is an anion and aluminum is a metal that can form cations this is an anionic compound next calcium acetate, calcium, and then the acetate group, which is ch3, c -o -o.

02:35 The acetate group is an anion that bears a negative 1 charge.

02:41 Calcium is a metal from group 2, which is able to form cation with a charge of positive 2.

02:49 Therefore, we need two negative charges.

02:51 And that's why we want to have two acetate groups per calcium.

02:58 Because calcium is a cation, and acetate is an anion.

03:02 This is anionic compound.

03:10 Next, potassium permanganate.

03:13 Potassium, and then the permanganate group is mn -o -4.

03:20 The permanganate group is an anion with a negative 1 charge...