Problem

Sodium nitrite, which has been used to preserve b…

00:46

Problem 46 Medium Difficulty

Write the resonance forms of ozone, O3, the component of the upper atmosphere that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation.

Answer

see structure

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Video Transcript

this question is going to take a look at lewiS structures and how resonance can play into lewiS structures In particular. We're going to look at Ozone 03. And when we started lewis dot structure, we always want to begin with determining how many total electrons. You sort of need to find a home for that's where the periodic table can help us. So all we have is oxygen here. Um it's element # six. Um and so are not element number six, but it has its in group six and has six valence electrons and we have three oxygen's, each of which has those six valence electrons will multiply that by three. And overall we end up having to find a home for 18 total electrons valence electrons in ozone. And so we begin by just placing all three of the oxygen and ozone side by side. And let's start making Bonds using pairs of electrons between the central oxygen in each of the other two. So just used up four electrons doing that. Obviously we still have some remaining. So we're going to place in pairs electrons around each of the surrounding oxygen's. And at this point um we have an octet of electrons 2468 around the oxygen on the left, 2, 8 around the oxygen on the right. So they're both happy. But I still have Two electrons left to find a home for to use up all 18. Want to place those then on my central oxygen as mentioned, the oxygen's on the right and left are happy in terms of having an octet of electrons are on them. But my central oxygen only has six electrons. So I need to fix that problem. And I do that by sharing non bonding pairs with either the oxygen on the left or the oxygen on the right. This is where resonance comes in. When you have the capability of sharing um are creating multiple bonds with my central atom equally with surrounding atoms. You have the possibility of resonance or different residents structures to um depict how those bonding pairs and non binding pairs create those multiple bonds. So one of the resonant structures and I'm going to replace the bonds here with just single lines would look like this. We would have that non bonding pair being shared with the oxygen on the left and a double bond being created between it and the central oxygen, and just a single bond being present between the oxygen on the right and that central oxygen. That's one possible resonance structure the other. But you can see here, is going to show the non binding electrons in just a single bond between the central oxygen and the oxygen on the left. But rather a double bond now between the oxygen on the right and that central and that central atom and that's the second possible resonance structure, both of which are necessary to give a full picture of how the bonding actually takes place in ozone and in reality we say that, oh, zones bonding would be a blending of these two resonant structures. Um And if we were to look at one final question of just the bond order, I affectionately called B. O. Um of the ozone structure, would say that As it appears here, we have three total atoms. Um But two of which are the surrounding atoms. Let's look at it this way to be a little clear three total bonds. Okay, so we've got um the double bond here, the single bond here, no matter which resonant structure we look at that is the case three total bonds, but only to surrounding atoms to share those bonds. And so We would say then that the bond order here is 3/2 or 1.5. So that means instead of having a single bond and a double bond. Um In reality, what we really have is a blending of a single and double bond that shows about a bond and a half for 1.5 bond length and reality between my central oxygen and each of the surrounding oxygen's. Which represents in a way how the resident structures are a way of sort of representing and the best way that we have available to us. How the real bonding takes place in a molecule that has multiple bonds and and identical atoms surrounding my central atom to create those multiple bonds

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