Write the steps involved in the following conversions? (a) Benzaldehyde to benzophenone (b) Benz

Write the steps involved in the following conversions? (a)...

Key Concepts

Retrosynthetic Analysis

Retrosynthetic analysis is a strategic method in organic synthesis used to deconstruct complex target molecules into simpler precursor structures. By working backwards from the final product, chemists can plan a series of transformations and reaction steps needed to build the molecule from readily available starting materials.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (Friedel–Crafts Acylation)

Friedel–Crafts acylation is a key electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction where an acyl chloride reacts with an aromatic system in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to introduce an acyl group onto the ring. This reaction is essential for the synthesis of aromatic ketones and serves as a reliable method for forming carbon–carbon bonds on aromatic rings.

Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyl Compounds

Nucleophilic addition is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry where nucleophiles attack the electrophilic carbon of carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. This addition forms new carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds and is pivotal in converting carbonyl groups into alcohols or more complex structures.

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, resulting in changes in their oxidation states. These reactions are crucial in synthetic pathways as they enable the interconversion of functional groups—for example, converting an alcohol to a carbonyl compound or vice versa—which is often required for subsequent transformations.

Carbon-Chain Extension

Carbon-chain extension refers to the methods used to lengthen the carbon skeleton of a molecule. Techniques such as nucleophilic addition (often involving organometallic reagents), substitution reactions, or condensation processes are commonly employed to introduce additional carbon atoms, allowing for the construction of more complex molecular frameworks.

Transcript

00:01 Hello students welcome back in this question i have to write the reactions to for the following conversion so first conversion is benjaldihyde to benjofinot okay, so first conversion is benjaldihyde to benjofanone okay, so first of all i have benjaldiide so this will be the structure of benjoldehyde okay benjean and an ldi group over here so first of all, we'll react this to with alkaline kmno4.

00:44 Okay.

00:45 And then this will give us this compound.

00:51 This alkaline kmno4 will do the oxidation of this ldhead group.

00:55 Now, when this is, this compound is reacted with n -a -o -h plus c -a -o, this is known as soda -line, okay, when this is directed with this compound, this will give us benzene.

01:13 Okay so this is the reaction to remove this group okay now we have to convert it into benjofinot right so what we'll do is we'll react this benzine ring with a compound that is known as benjo when that is section is known as benjolization okay so this compound is the compound which we are reacting with cocl with alcn okay and this will give us our compound that is benzophenone this is carbon and oxygen and this is the compound okay so this is our first option now p -a option says that we have to convert benjaldihyde to three phenyl propane all okay so first of all we are having benjeldehyde the same compound okay so we will react this with another ldhyde that is ch3 cho and the presence of n .a .o .h and then we will hate it.

02:24 First of all, we'll react it with nah and then we'll heat it.

02:28 So what it will give us is this compound.

02:33 This will be having ch over here and chch.

02:37 Okay.

02:38 Now this compound will be reacted with this compound will be reacted with nickel and h2 and this is known as hydrolysis.

02:51 More specific, it is catalytic hydrogenation and this will give us a compound which we will need it three phenyl propane one okay this is our compound now the last one last one is ben gene two two phenyl ethenyne okay so first of all we are having a benjile alcohol you can convert benzide alfeng to benjile alcohol easily right so we are having benjile alcohol and then we will react it with pcl 5 and this will release pocl 3 and hcl.

03:35 Okay, so this will give us this compound...

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