You are given mixtures containing the following compounds....

You are given mixtures containing the following compounds. Which compound in each pair could be separated by stirring the solid mixture with water? (a) $\mathrm{NaOH}$ and $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$ (b) $\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{MgF}_{2}$ (c) $\mathrm{AgI}$ and $\mathrm{KI}$ (d) $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}$ and $\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}$

You are given mixtures containing the following compounds. Which compound in each pair could be separated by stirring the solid mixture with water?
(a) $\mathrm{NaOH}$ and $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}$
(b) $\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{MgF}_{2}$
(c) $\mathrm{AgI}$ and $\mathrm{KI}$
(d) $\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}$ and $\mathrm{PbCl}_{2}$

Key Concepts

Solubility

Solubility is the ability of a substance (a solute) to dissolve in a solvent, forming a homogeneous solution. In the context of ionic compounds, this property depends on the balance between the lattice energy of the solid and the hydration energy provided by the solvent. Differences in solubility can be exploited when separating mixtures, as one component may dissolve while another remains insoluble.

Selective Dissolution

Selective dissolution is a separation technique that relies on the difference in solubility of components in a mixture. When a mixture containing multiple compounds is stirred with a solvent like water, only the compounds that are sufficiently soluble in that solvent will dissolve, allowing the insoluble compounds to be separated from the solution.

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds consist of positive and negative ions arranged in a crystalline lattice structure. Their solubility in water is influenced by factors such as the charges on the ions, the size of the ions, and the strength of the ionic bonds. Understanding these factors is key to predicting and utilizing the different solubilities of ionic substances.

Water as a Solvent

Water is a polar solvent that is particularly effective at dissolving many ionic compounds due to its ability to stabilize ions through ion-dipole interactions. This characteristic makes water a common and useful solvent in various separation techniques, especially when selective dissolution is employed to separate mixtures based on solubility differences.

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