You have been enlisted to design a soda machine dispenser...

You have been enlisted to design a soda machine dispenser for your department lounge. Sodas are partially subsidized by the student chapter of the IEEE, so they cost only 25 cents. The machine accepts nickels, dimes, and quarters. When enough coins have been inserted, it dispenses the soda and returns any necessary change. Design an FSM controller for the soda machine. The FSM inputs are Nickel, Dime, and Quarter, indicating which coin was inserted. Assume that exactly one coin is inserted on each cycle. The outputs are Dispense, ReturnNickel, ReturnDime, and ReturnTwoDimes. When the FSM reaches 25 cents, it asserts Dispense and the necessary Return outputs required to deliver the appropriate change. Then, it should be ready to start accepting coins for another soda.

Key Concepts

Finite State Machine (FSM) Design

An FSM is a computational model used to design systems that transition between a finite number of states based on inputs. It provides a systematic way to represent the sequential logic of a system, making it easier to design, analyze, and implement complex control processes.

State Representation

States in an FSM represent individual conditions or configurations of the system, often corresponding to the system's memory of past inputs. In control systems, different states can be used to keep track of accumulated values or progress towards a goal.

State Transitions

State transitions define how the system moves from one state to another in response to inputs. These transitions are central to the operation of an FSM, as they detail the conditions under which the system moves towards a completion state or resets to an initial state.

Input Symbols

Inputs in an FSM are the distinct signals or events that cause state transitions. They represent the various actions or events that the system will respond to, and their proper handling is crucial for ensuring accurate state transitions.

Output Actions

Outputs in FSM-based designs are the actions performed as a result of entering specific states or transitions. They are used to trigger functions like dispensing products or returning change, and are integral to providing the intended response to the processed input.

Change Making

Change making in vending machine designs involves calculating and dispensing the appropriate return amount once a transaction is complete. This concept requires managing the difference between the received input value and the required target value, ensuring accurate and efficient delivery of change.

Reset Logic

Reset logic is an essential aspect of FSMs where, after a transaction is completed, the system reinitializes to its starting state, ready to process new inputs. This ensures that each cycle of operation starts fresh and maintains the integrity of the system's operation.

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