You put a 1.5-V battery across a piece of material, and a 100-mA current flows. With a 9-V batte

step 1 So if we take the ratios of the currents and voltages, we can see that I2 over I1 equals V2 over

You put a 1.5-V battery across a piece of material, and a...

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Key Concepts

Ohm's Law

Ohm's law establishes a relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in many materials, stating that current is directly proportional to voltage when the resistance is constant. This principle allows us to predict the behavior of materials that exhibit a linear voltage-current (I-V) relationship under constant temperature conditions.

Resistance

Resistance is the property of a material that opposes the flow of electric current. It is typically defined as the ratio of voltage to current. In materials that obey Ohm's law, this ratio remains constant over a range of voltages, leading to a linear I-V curve, whereas a material with a changing resistance under different voltages does not exhibit ohmic behavior.

I-V Characteristics

The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics describe how the current through a material responds to an applied voltage. A linear I-V characteristic, where the plot of current versus voltage is a straight line, indicates a constant resistance and thus an ohmic material. Conversely, a non-linear I-V characteristic indicates that the resistance varies with voltage, which is a hallmark of non-ohmic behavior.

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