1. Define macronutrient. List the macronutrients essential for microbial growth.
2. Define micronutrient. List some micronutrients required for microbial growth.
3. List the physical requirements that must be considered when trying to grow
microbes.
4. Define psychrophile, psychrotroph, mesophile, thermophile, hyperthermophile.
Name specific habitats were each of these would be found. What do the
adjectives obligate and facultative mean with regard to microbes?
5. Define the terms obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, facultative aerobe,
fermentative (aerotolerant anaerobes), microaerophile.
6. What are superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide? Where do
they come from? Why are they harmful to cells? How do cells get rid of these
chemicals? Why can’t obligate anaerobes live in Oxygen containing
environments?
7. What effects do low temperatures have on a cell? What effects do high
temperatures have on a cell?
8. Define generation time? What is lag phase, exponential phase, stationary phase,
death phase in a microbial growth cycle?
9. Define acidophile, neutrophile, alkaliphile. Which group does Thiobacillus
ferroxidans fall into? Which group does Helicobacter pylori fall into? What
disease condition does H. pylori cause?
10. What is a isotonic solution, hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution? How does
each solution type affect a bacterial cell? What does Halotolerant mean? What
does obligate halophile mean?
11. Define Autotroph, Chemotroph, Phototroph, Heterotroph.