4. Water having density 988 kg/m³ flows steadily through a reducing pipe bend, as in figure
below. Known conditions are $P_1$ = 250 kPa, $D_1$ = 25 cm, $V_2$ = 2.2 m/s, $P_2$ = 110 kPa, and $D_2$ = 10
cm. Neglecting bend and water weight, calculate the total force which must be resisted by the
flange bolts if atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.
?
$P_a$ = 100 kPa
H
H
H
?
Hint: Due to the significant digits you will use during your calculations, you may find the result
different in the ones digit or the digits after the comma, if any, choose the closest option.
A) 7.5 KN
B) 9.5 KN
C) 10 KN
D) 11.5 KN
E) 14.5 KN
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