Which of the following statements is true ?
- the standard deviation and variance are in different metrics, both quantify how spread the data are.
- when groups have less variability, interventions effects are harder to detect and quantify.
- when the population variability is small, any individual score or sample will not provide a good representation of the entire set.
- a sample statistic is biased only if the average value of the statistic underestimates the corresponding population parameter.
- a standard deviation of zero indicates there is no variability which is impossible.