Visual Summary for Chapter 3: The Basics of Digestion
Part A - The Vocabulary of Transport, Absorption, and Excretion
Nutrients are transported, absorbed, and excreted via a variety of mechanisms throughout the body. This section will discuss these systems.
Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
endocytosis
large intestine
1. A process called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ helps to propel first the bolus and then chyme forward through the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.
carrier protein
2. Nutrients are absorbed through the lining of the small intestine via a variety of mechanisms. Most nutrients require \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, where a specific carrier protein is utilized, but no energy is required.
active transport
peristalsis
3. Some smaller molecules can cross via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Like with facilitated diffusion, no energy is required because the concentration of a nutrient is higher inside the GI tract than in the enterocyte. Unlike with facilitated diffusion, however, no \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is needed.
facilitated diffusion
hepatic portal vein
lymphatic system
passive diffusion
4. Nutrients like glucose and amino acids are absorbed through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which requires both a carrier protein and energy in the form of ATP.
