EXERCISES
A. For each of the following conditional arguments, indicate which statement
serves as the conditional statement, which as the second reason, and which as the
conclusion. Put the conditional statement in its "if-then" form if necessary. State
whether the argument affirms or denies its antecedent or consequent. Indicate
whether the argument is valid or invalid.
1. If our administrators were well trained, then our schools would be among
the best. Our schools are not among the best, so our administrators must not
be well trained.
162
Part IV Validity: The Structure of Arguments
2. Local government will not improve unless people get involved. People are
getting more involved, so I'm sure we'll see improvements.
