A battery harnesses a chemical reaction to extract energy in the form of useful electrical work. A certain battery runs a small fan and becomes partially discharged. In the process, it performs a total of 181.1 J of work on its immediate surroundings. It also gives off 5.8 J of heat, which the surroundings absorb. No other work or heat is exchanged with the surroundings. Compute q, w, and ΔU of the battery, making sure each quantity has the proper sign.
q = J
w = J
ΔU = J
The same battery is then recharged to exactly its original condition. This requires 407.8 J of electrical work from an outside generator. Determine q for the battery in this process, again making sure it has the proper sign.
qcharging = J