5. Be able to draw the model of transepithelial NaCl and KCI secretion with the
following:
a. Two cell types and their main function.
b. What is in the intracellular and extra cellular environment of malpighean
tubules.
c. pH gradient, what is the transporter, and what creates the concentration
gradient (H+). Is this active?
d. Active transport, antiporter that exchanges protons for Na+ and K+.
e. Aquaporin. (where does water flow) why is the flow of water important.