Provide a comprehensive breakdown for each pathway listed below. Ensure that you incorporate protein and enzyme names along with key intermediates. Identify the primary and secondary messengers involved in signal transduction, as well as any hormones that activate or inhibit specific enzymes. Clarify the regulation mechanisms of critical regulatory enzymes within the major metabolic pathways covered this semester, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the Cori cycle, the citric acid cycle (CAC), electron transport chain (ETC)/ATP synthase, glycogen metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Explicitly state enzyme activity, whether it is active or inhibited. Lastly, for each scenario, specify which metabolic pathways exhibit the highest activity under those conditions, such as glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis or degradation, and lipid synthesis or degradation.
a) When epinephrine binds to a muscle cell