Explain why water spontaneously freezes to form ice below 0 ∘C∘C even though the entropy of the water decreases during the state transition. Why is the freezing of water not spontaneous above 0 ∘C∘C ?
Match the items in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
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surroundings
endothermic
exothermic
universe
increase
an absorption of heat energy
decrease
greater
smaller
a release of heat energy into
system
The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the Blank must Blank for a process to be spontaneous.target 1 of 18target 2 of 18
The entropy change for the Blank is the sum of the entropy changes for the Blank and the Blank. So, the entropy of the Blank, such as water freezing, can decrease as long as the entropy of the Blank increases by a Blank amount, so that the overall entropy of the Blank undergoes a net Blank. Because the freezing of ice is an Blank process, it results in Blank the Blank.target 3 of 18target 4 of 18target 5 of 18target 6 of 18target 7 of 18target 8 of 18target 9 of 18target 10 of 18target 11 of 18target 12 of 18target 13 of 18
Because entropy is the dispersal or randomization of energy, this results in the entropy of the Blank to Blank. The magnitude of this change in entropy is temperature dependent. The greater the temperature, the Blank the Blank in entropy for a given amount of energy dispersed into the Blank.