1. Define Molecular Biology and its significance in human health and diseases.
2. Name the scientists who discovered i) Microscope, ii) a Cell, iii) Nucleus, and iv) Chromosomes.
3. In 2-3 sentences, describe the significance of Mendel's work that laid the foundation for major areas of biology such as genetics and molecular biology.
4. Describe in 2-3 sentences how the work of Thomas Morgan on flies supported Mendel's work.
5. In 2-3 sentences, describe the contribution of the following scientists towards discerning the structure of DNA: i) Griffith, ii) Avery, McLeod, and McCarty, iii) Hershey and Chase, iv) Linus Pauling, v) Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, vi) Meselson and Stahl.
6. How did the research work of Rosalind Franklin help Watson and Crick propose their model of DNA structure? What technique did she use?
7. What is Chargaff's rule? What will be the percentage of Guanine if Adenine is 14% in the total genome of a newly discovered organism?
8. What will be the percentage of Guanine if Adenine is 28% in the total genome?
9. Name the molecules that constitute a nucleotide monomer.
10. What is the difference between a deoxyribose sugar and a ribose sugar? Draw their structures respectively.
11. What is the role of a phosphate molecule in DNA? How does this property of DNA help in agarose gel electrophoresis?
12. What is a phosphodiester bond and which carbon atoms does it involve?
13. Which radioactive atom was used to prove that DNA replicates in a semi-conservative fashion?
14. Which radioactive atoms were used to prove that DNA is the molecule responsible for mediating the pathogenicity of bacteriophages?
15. Define Major and Minor Grooves in the structure of DNA.
16. How many bases constitute one turn in B, A, and Z DNA?
17. What is the distance between two consecutive bases in DNA?
18. How many bases are present in one turn of the DNA helix?
19. How many minimum amounts of turn could be expected in a DNA molecule if the length is 180 base pairs?
20. What is the diameter of B DNA?
21. Draw chemical structures of nucleotides A and T, as well as G and C, showing the double (A=T) and triple (G=C) hydrogen bonds.