55)What kind of reasoning involves starting with general information and using that general
information to make specific conclusions?
A)contextual
B)syllogistic
C)inductive
D)deductive
56)Which of the following is true about the prototype approach to categories and concepts?
A)People who have a larger vocabulary develop a more nuanced understanding of concepts
B)People think of the most typical example of a category and use that as their prototype
C)people develop a prototype (which does not actually exist) by abstracting features of
example members of a category
D)people learn definitions of concepts by interacting with other people
57)Imagine that it is hot out and you do not have access to an air conditioner. You don't have a
fan, but you realize that you can take a newspaper and fold it to form a fan. You have stopped
thinking of a newspaper as just something to give you information and started to think of it as a
way to cool yourself off. What has happened?
A)You used the strategy of working backwards
B)You used trial and error
C)You overcame functional fixedness
D)You used analogical thinking
58)You need to hang a picture on the wall, but you have no hammer. You do have a book, but
you only think of a book as an object to read, and not as something to use to pound something
into a wall. What are you experiencing?
A)analogical thinking
B)insight
C)trial and error problem solving
D)functional fixedness
59)Which type of reasoning always leads to the correct conclusion, as long as the premise is true
and good logic is used?
A)deductive
B)inductive
C)contextual
D)heuristic
60)What does the typicality effect say with respect to concepts?
A)People are more comfortable, and faster, at identifying usual, rather than unusual, examples
of a concept
B)People develop an image of a concept by using features abstracted from many specific
examples of that concept
C)People only include typical members in their definition of concepts
D)People pay more attention to unusual examples of a concept that stand out from their schema
